Virtualization Overhead of Multithreading in X86 State-of-the-Art & Remaining Challenges
| Autor: | Jianchen Shan, Stijn Schildermans, Kris Aerts, Jason Jackrel, Xiaoning Ding |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
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Source code
Computer science Distributed computing media_common.quotation_subject Context (language use) Virtualization computer.software_genre Parsec Computational Theory and Mathematics Hardware and Architecture Multithreading Signal Processing Synchronization (computer science) x86 Overhead (computing) computer media_common |
| Zdroj: | IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems. 32:2557-2570 |
| ISSN: | 2161-9883 1045-9219 |
| Popis: | Despite great advancements in hardware-assisted virtualization of the x86 architecture, certain workloads still suffer significant overhead. This article dissects said overhead in the context of multi-threading. We describe the state-of-the-art, pinpoint challenges, and suggest improvements, aiming to provide a valuable reference to developers and users of virtualization systems alike. We study the virtualization overhead of the PARSEC and SPLASH2X multithreaded benchmarks in a variety of scenarios using a state-of-the-art system. Through controlled experiments, source code analysis and literature review, we quantify the virtualization overhead multithreading still induces and link it to its root causes, after which we suggest possible mitigation strategies. Multithreading still induces high virtualization overhead, mainly caused by synchronization, spinning at user level and NUMA management. The overhead is diverse in nature and embodiment as it is a function of many system and workload properties. System-level solutions are feasible, but often imply difficult trade-offs. Systematic workload optimization is a promising alternative. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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