The formation of trichloronitromethane (chloropicrin) and chloroform in a combined ozonation/chlorination treatment of drinking water
| Autor: | Jürg Hoigné, Heinz Bader |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 1988 |
| Předmět: |
Environmental Engineering
Chloroform Ozone Iminodiacetic acid Ecological Modeling Inorganic chemistry Nitrilotriacetic acid Pollution chemistry.chemical_compound chemistry Distilled water Triethanolamine medicine Water treatment Waste Management and Disposal Water Science and Technology Civil and Structural Engineering medicine.drug Activated carbon Nuclear chemistry |
| Zdroj: | Water Research. 22:313-319 |
| ISSN: | 0043-1354 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/s0043-1354(88)90120-0 |
| Popis: | Chlorination of waters from mesotrophic Lake Zurich and eutrophic Greifensee formed about 0.4 and 2 μg 1−1 of trichloronitromethane (TCNM) respectively. Pre-ozonation increased these values to about 2 and 6 μg 1−1. The formation of chloroform was about 40 times higher than that of TCNM, but decreased somewhat, when pretreatment with ozone was performed. Posttreatment with activated carbon eliminates most TCNM but only part of the chloroform. The addition of nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) or ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) complexing agents applied in detergents and other products, had only a small incremental effect on the formation of chloropicrin, which became significant only when the combined oxidation process was performed in distilled water. In contrast, the addition of triethanolamine to water greatly increased the TCNM formation when ozonation preceded chlorination of water. The possible role of NTA as a presursor for TCNM is further discussed by considering the kinetics of the reaction of ozone with NTA and its ozonolytic products, the iminodiacetic acid and glycine. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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