Natural forests loss and tree plantations: large-scale tree cover loss differentiation in a threatened biodiversity hotspot
| Autor: | Angela Hernández, Carlos Zamorano-Elgueta, Alejandro Miranda, Paul Aplin, Maria Jose Martinez-Harms, Adison Altamirano, Carlos Marcelo Di Bella, Germán Catalán, Cristian Vergara, Tracy Van Holt, Franco Peluso, Luis Cayuela, Jaime Carrasco, Rosa Reyes-Riveros, Taryn Fuentes-Castillo, Marco Prado |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences
Renewable Energy Sustainability and the Environment Forest plantation Natural forest Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Forestry 010501 environmental sciences 01 natural sciences Biodiversity hotspot Tree (data structure) Geography Threatened species Tree cover 0105 earth and related environmental sciences General Environmental Science |
| Zdroj: | Environmental Research Letters. 15:124055 |
| ISSN: | 1748-9326 |
| Popis: | Distinguishing between natural forests from exotic tree plantations is essential to get an accurate picture of the world’s state of forests. Most exotic tree plantations support lower levels of biodiversity and have less potential for ecosystem services supply than natural forests, and differencing them is still a challenge using standard tools. We use a novel approach in south-central of Chile to differentiate tree cover dynamics among natural forests and exotic tree plantations. Chile has one of the world’s most competitive forestry industry and the region is a global biodiversity hotspot. Our collaborative visual interpretation method combined a global database of tree cover change, remote sensing from high-resolution satellite images and expert knowledge. By distinguishing exotic tree plantation and natural forest loss, we fit spatially explicit models to estimate tree-cover loss across 40 millions of ha between 2000 and 2016. We were able to distinguish natural forests from exotic tree plantations with an overall accuracy of 99% and predicted forest loss. Total tree cover loss was continuous over time, and the disaggregation revealed that 1 549 909 ha of tree plantations were lost (mean = 96 869 ha year−1), while 206 142 ha corresponded to natural forest loss (mean = 12 884 ha year−1). Mostly of tree plantations lost returned to be plantation (51%). Natural forests were converted mainly (75%) to transitional land covers (e.g. shrubland, bare land, grassland), and an important proportion of these may finish as tree plantation. This replacement may undermine objectives of increasedcarbon storage and biodiversity. Tree planting as a solution has gained increased attention in recen years with ambitious commitments to mitigate the effects of climate change. However, negative outcomes for the environment could result if strategies incentivize the replacement of natural forests into other land covers. Initiatives to reduce carbon emissions should encourage differentiating natural forests from exotic tree plantations and pay more attention on protecting and managing sustainably the former. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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