| Autor: |
Kåre Helge Karstensen, Deepak Ahuja, Moumita A. Chakraborty, Harivansh Prasad Maurya, Parama Gupta, Mrinal Mallik, B.V. Kapadia, J.S. Kamyotra, Ulhas V. Parlikar, Shiv Sharma, S.S. Bala |
| Rok vydání: |
2014 |
| Předmět: |
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| Zdroj: |
Environmental Science & Policy. 38:237-244 |
| ISSN: |
1462-9011 |
| DOI: |
10.1016/j.envsci.2014.01.008 |
| Popis: |
The Montreal Protocol aims to protect the stratospheric ozone layer by phasing out production of substances that contribute to ozone depletion, currently covering over 200 individual substances. As most of these compounds are synthetic greenhouse gases, there is an opportunity to curb both ozone depletion and climate change simultaneously by requiring Parties of both the Montreal and the Kyoto Protocol to destroy their existing stocks of concentrated chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Many emerging countries still possess stocks which need to be destroyed in an environmentally sound manner but costs may be prohibitive. The UNEP Technology and Economic Assessment Panel identified in 2002 eleven destruction technologies which meet the criteria for environmentally sound destruction of chlorofluorocarbons. Cement kilns were among these, but no study has been reported in scientific literature assessing its destruction performance under real developing country conditions up to now. In contrast to incinerators and other treatment techniques, high temperature cement kilns are already in place in virtually every country and can, if found technical feasible, be retrofitted and adapted cost-efficiently to destroy chemicals like CFCs. India has the second largest cement industry in the world and several hazardous waste categories have been tested successfully in recent years. The objective of this study was to carry out the first full scale demonstration involving high feeding rates of concentrated CFC-gases in a local cement kiln and to assess its feasibility and destruction performance. The test in Madhya Pradesh demonstrated that the kiln was able to destroy several concentrated CFC-gases effectively in an irreversible and environmental sound manner without causing increased releases of HCl, HF or PCDD/PCDF. The destruction and removal efficiency was >99.9999% and the overall environmental performance in compliance with Indian regulation and international best practice. The test also revealed that cement kilns have a much higher disposal capacity than previously anticipated and that such undertaking can contribute significantly to reduce the release of both ODS and greenhouse gases; the destruction of 16.3 tonnes of CFCs done in this demonstration is equivalent to saving the release of 131,265 tonnes of CO2 to the atmosphere. |
| Databáze: |
OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
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Full Text from ScienceDirect