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Introduction: The diagnosis of breast cancer brings with it various feelings and sensations, especially because it affects one of the most striking symbols of femininity. With this, oncoplastic surgery appears nowadays with the intention of offering the best aesthetic result without harming the oncological result. This surgical approach aims at keeping the aesthetics of the breasts preserved, in order to contribute to the maintenance of the self-esteem of women affected by cancer. Various techniques are recognized to achieve the desired outcome. Objective: This study aims to describe oncoplastics as a surgical approach to the breasts that contributes to the maintenance of self-esteem in women affected by cancer. Methods: This is a qualitative literature review, based on the analysis of studies available in the SciELO and PubMed databases, as well as searches on the Google Scholar platform. The descriptors used were the terms “Oncoplastics,” “Breast cancer,” and “Self-esteem.” Aspects such as the patients’ view about the approach, the physicians’ opinion about the benefit of oncoplastic surgery in each case, and the possible complications resulting from the surgical act were taken into consideration. The studies selected were those that responded to the objective, published between 2017 and 2022, and availability in Portuguese or English. Results: Factors such as age, BMI, tumor size and location, breast size, and the application of adjuvant treatment can determine the final aesthetic result. However, most of the selected studies demonstrate a good aesthetic result, which corresponds to 90% of the patients. It was observed that younger patients and those with better socioeconomic levels were more satisfied with the results. However, the complications of oncoplastic surgery are within the acceptable range, and these are mainly delayed wound healing, fat tissue necrosis, and infections, which, in turn, are almost totally resolved. Conclusion: Oncoplastics in mastology arise with the intention of benefiting the preservation of aesthetics and well-being of female patients diagnosed with cancer. Since its acceptance by specialists, the various techniques developed in this surgical approach ensure not only greater safety for patients but also better results, directly influencing their self-esteem. |
