| Popis: |
With the rapid increase of coastal hazards, many scientists have commended on the significance of effective coastal hazard early warning systems worldwide. An early warning system comprises four elements: detection and monitoring, risk analysis, warning dissemination, and preparedness and response mechanisms with three phases: upstream, interface and downstream. However, most existing early warning systems have not received equal treatment to all elements limiting its effective use of early warning in many instances. Hence, the study conducted a systematic literature review to examine the nature of the existing coastal hazard early warning systems and their current practices, identifying any gaps within the systems. The results revealed that most existing early warning systems are operated in isolation leaving most dimensions of the early warning systems disintegrated. Further, the minimum availability of guidance specifically on downstream mechanism was identified as a significant gap within the existing coastal hazards early warning systems. Therefore, the study proposes a conceptual framework as guidance on nature and the operationalisation of the downstream mechanism of coastal multi-hazard early warning systems, based on the desk review and followed by an expert consultative process conducted as a sandpit exercise. The study findings could be further developed based on primary data sources from coastal regions. |
