Assessment of non-ionizing radiation from radio frequency energy emitters in the urban area of Natal City, Brazil
| Autor: | T ecia Maria de Oliveira Maranhão, M ario Bernardo Filho, Gutembergue Soares da Silva, Andr e Luiz Severiano Câmara, João Paulo da Silva Gonçalo, Fred Sizenando Rossiter Pinheiro, Thiago Palhares de Sousa, Manuel Antonio Bouzas Sanchis, Andrei de Abiahy Carneiro da Cunha Braga, M arcio Eduardo da Costa Rodrigues |
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| Rok vydání: | 2015 |
| Předmět: |
geography
geography.geographical_feature_category business.industry Frequency band General Engineering General Physics and Astronomy Ranging General Medicine Broadcasting Urban area Non-ionizing radiation General Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology Environmental protection Environmental science Wireless Radio frequency Radiation protection General Agricultural and Biological Sciences business Remote sensing |
| Zdroj: | Scientific Research and Essays. 10:79-85 |
| ISSN: | 1992-2248 |
| Popis: | The massive increase of wireless communications in the world calls for responsible actions by governments in order to prevent possible health hazards. In addition to cellular towers overcrowding in urban areas, it is also important to consider other radio frequency radiations from different sources. The electric field intensity is one of the fundamental parameters to assess the exposure of human beings to Non-Ionizing Radiation (NIR). In this study, all main non-ionizing radiation sources in the urban area of Natal, Brazil (a city of about 860.000 inhabitants) were located and characterized with respect to frequency band, telecommunications service and integrated electric field strength. Measurements of far electric field intensity with frequency ranging from 30 MHz to 3 GHz were made in a survey of 140 outdoor points spread across all the 167.26 km2 area of the city. The results obtained have made it possible to draw a map of the regions of the city according to different electric field and exposure ratio (ER) intensities. In 71.4% of the sampled outdoor points, the highest exposure ratio measured were originated from TV broadcasting services, 22.1% from Transmissions Cellular Towers and 6.4% from Frequency Modulated Broadcasting. Key words: Non-ionizing radiation, electric field intensity, TV broadcasting, radio frequency radiation, measurement of radio frequency radiation, propagation in Urban Areas, International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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