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Summary: Bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) infection of cattle results in a wide range of clinical manifestations. This article reviews the clinical responses associated with BVDV and discusses these diseases in terms of acute infection in immunocompetent cattle, fetal infection, infection in cattle immunotolerant to and persistently infected with BVDV and finally mucosal disease. Bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) was first recognised in the United States in association with outbreaks of acute and often fatal disease characterised by diarrhoea and erosive lesions of the digestive tract (54). Bovine virus diarrhoea virus has a worldwide distribution. Infection with the virus is common, as indicated by the high prevalence of seropositive cattle (22, 23, 25). The biology of BVDV is complex, and multiple and diverse clinical manifestations may occur in cattle infected with the virus (Table I). This diversity was difficult to understand based on previous explanations of pathogenesis. For example, bovine virus diarrhoea (BVD) and mucosal disease are two clinically distinct and different diseases caused by the same virus. Recent investigations have brought a better understanding by focusing on cattle born immunotolerant and persistently infected with BVDV, and the role of these animals in the pathogenesis of mucosal disease. This article will review the spectrum of clinical responses that occur in cattle following BVDV infection. |
