Design of intermediate layers for solution-processed tandem organic solar cells: Guidelines from a case study on TiOx and ZnO

Autor: Balthazar Lechêne, Gérard Perrier, Benjamin Bouthinon, Rémi de Bettignies, Stella Kennou, Konstantinos Emmanouil
Rok vydání: 2014
Předmět:
Zdroj: Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. 120:709-715
ISSN: 0927-0248
DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2013.08.032
Popis: In this work, we design and compare two intermediate layers (IMLs) for solution-processed tandem organic solar cells. The IMLs are made of PEDOT as the hole transport layer (HTL) coupled with either TiO x or ZnO nanoparticles as the electron transport layer (ETL). The IMLs are characterized with regard to the requirements usually found in the literature: process robustness, work function compatibilities, good optical transparency, good electrical conductivity, and finally, the effective presence of an ohmic contact between the ETL and the HTL. Specifically designed single and tandem cells are then made to compare the performances of the two IMLs. We show that the ohmic contact is the most important criterion, which has to be carefully probed in order to design a functional IML. We offer recommendations on how to properly investigate this property. We also show that the nature of the ETL/HTL contact cannot be predicted from the results of the materials characterization, particularly not from the work functions and neither from the conductivities. Finally, XPS and work function experiments suggest that the nature of the contact depends on phenomena arising at the interface between the HTL and the ETL. Specifically, a chemical interaction is observed between ZnO and PEDOT within the IML. We conclude that a ZnO-based IML is a better choice than a TiO x -based IML.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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