Direct read of idle block RAM from FPGAs utilizing photon emission microscopy
| Autor: | Stergios J. Papadakis, Nicole Whewell, Jacob Couch, Andrew H. Monica |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
Computer science
Firmware business.industry Transistor 02 engineering and technology Integrated circuit computer.software_genre Encryption 020202 computer hardware & architecture law.invention Idle law 0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineering 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing Static random-access memory Field-programmable gate array business computer NMOS logic Computer hardware |
| Zdroj: | HOST |
| Popis: | In many reverse engineering efforts, side channels have been utilized to extract both design information and data from integrated circuits. In this paper, a technique is demonstrated to recover data by directly reading idle SRAM cells within an FPGA, without engaging the read circuitry. This is accomplished using photon emission microscopy to capture the photons that are emitted as leakage currents flow from the source to the drain of NMOS transistors within the SRAM cell. Depending on whether a 0 or 1 state is stored in a particular cell, the location of the emitting transistor is different. The read circuity in many integrated circuits cannot be easily activated in a repeatable pattern, thus forming need to access the contents of idle SRAM cells. This was evaluated and refined on a 220 nm process node FPGA. We discuss the physics of photon emission in these devices and the consequences for successful imaging of SRAM contents. Through initial investigations and calculations, we predict that extraction of data from idle SRAM can be conducted on more modern parts. Through an extension of this technique, data such as encryption keys, state information, and restricted variables that would not be accessible through traditional bitstream and firmware reverse engineering efforts can be extracted from the integrated circuit. This information can then be utilized to ensure the integrity of a system, or as a threat to the integrity of the system. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
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