| Popis: |
Zohr field was discovered in 2015 by the Italian energy company Eni and is the largest ever natural gas found in the Mediterranean Sea, with around (30 trillion cubic feet) total gas in place. Belaim Petroleum Company (Petrobel) (JV with ENI) is the Egyptian Petroleum Corporation arm and the owner of the project. Production started in December 2017 and since then 18 wells have been drilled for production. This paper describes the criteria for material selection of the production strings for Zohr’s deep-water gas producers and how pre-tested and approved cost-effective alternatives are available for such a top-class project. The paper details the qualification and deployment of glass reinforced polymer (GRP) Lined Tubing as an alternative to 28%Chrome tubing, including the testing work that has been performed, and the operational aspects of running the referred-to alternative in several deep-water projects. The choice of Duoline lined tubing results from the need for a cost-effective solution delivering the same operational requirements of 28% Chrome production strings. And since the Duoline GRE system will be integrated with the steel tubing therefore this system has to be previously fully approved and certified by the manufacturing mill of the lined tubing so there would be not even minor modifications to the specifications and the sealing performance of the premium connections and tubing body. The paper indulges into describing the laboratory tests and the field experiences of the Duoline Lined tubing system in various fields globally, where this system has been tested in severe operating conditions with elevated levels of H2S, CO2, Salinity, dissolved Oxygen conditions to investigate the capability and service limits of the fiberglass liner at different temperatures. In addition to mentioning the erosion tests that were performed, mechanical tests such as pressure loop and make & break tests, how these various tests ended with good results and its comparison to the exotic high chrome joints performance. This fiberglass lined tubing system has been applied in gas production wells since the 1980s, and ENI has been utilizing this technology in their production and water wells since 2005 in the north Africa, middle east, Kashagan regions and Norway offshore wells. On the other side, the technology has been successfully used world-wide in more than 55,000 wells since 1960s in various applications besides gas production strings. The paper will present the past experience of ENI with fiberglass lined tubing, the laboratory tests, the field experiences, the economic evaluation of implementing this system in such a high-profile project, In addition to the pre-qualifications performed on this system by the OCTG mills and approvals granted to integrate this technology with the patent premium connection joints. |
