| Popis: |
Bioelectrical signals can regulate a wide range of cellular activities in living organisms, including division, differentiation, etc. The physiological properties of stem cell cells are regulated by artificial input of electrical stimuli, including electric and electromagnetic fields, to promote cartilage repair by inducing stem cell cellular differentiation toward cartilage. Electrical stimulation (ES) stimulates cartilage regeneration at the cellular level through three mechanisms: intricate interactions of the physical environment, growth factors (GFs), and signal transduction cascades. The relevant ways in which bioelectrical stimulation regulates cellular function are the subject of this review. The non-invasive nature of this and the fact that it is not dependent on exogenous growth factors offer great promise for the clinical application of ES. However, the precise mechanisms underlying how ES interacts with cells are not well understood and need a lot more investigation. Similarly, there is a certain variability in the means and parameters of ES in in vivo and in vitro experiments, which poses a great challenge for clinical applications. Here some feasible means of ES and specific ES parameters to provide ideas for subsequent clinical applications are reviewed. |
