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In the soil environment, plants are constantly exposed to a range of microorganisms which are likely to influence one another, as they occupy the same habitat. Phytonematodes are often considered as pathogens in their own right and are capable of producing a single, recognizable disease. Apart from this, they also get associated with other soil pathogens that result in the complex diseases, which are more devastating and cause huge crop losses. Phytonematodes are major predisposing factors for other potential soil pathogens, which deserve more attention. In the case of soilborne pathogens, further opportunities exist for interactions with other microorganisms occupying the same ecological niche. The significant role of nematodes in the development of diseases caused by soilborne pathogens has been demonstrated in many crops throughout the world. In many cases, such nematode–fungus disease complexes involve root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.), although several other endoparasitic (Globodera spp., Heterodera spp., Rotylenchulus spp., Pratylenchus spp.) and ectoparasitic (Xiphinema spp., Longidorus spp.) nematodes have been associated with diseases caused by soilborne fungal pathogens (Back et al. 2002). |
