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Historically, we have had a market where products have been produced and then scrapped. Now we want to recycle all resources because we see limitations in supply of many materials as economy is developed to cover all humans, and with a much larger population than ever before. This also creates new markets for scrap material and waste and this is a circular economy. This also means that we shall not exhaust natural resources including biodiversity, agricultural land and fresh water resources. The benefits for society using a cradle-to-cradle concept or C2C are discussed. For example, when photo voltaics increase strongly, materials become a limiting factor, and once the PV cells are no longer useable trace elements that are difficult to extract from nature should be recovered. Policies for driving circular economy are also discussed. |
