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Publisher Summary Gonadotropin–releasing hormone (GnRH) is a small neuropeptide secreted from the hypothalamus to stimulate the release of pituitary gonadotropins that regulate sexual development and function. An array of neurohormones influences reproduction, but within the collection, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and kisspeptin (Kiss) are central in day-to-day control of the reproductive axis. GnRH is well known as a hypothalamic neuropeptide involved in the regulation of the reproductive axis. After release from the hypothalamus, GnRH acts on the pituitary to stimulate the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle–stimulating hormone (FSH), which then induce steroid production and gametogenesis in the gonad. The first GnRH to be identified was mammalian GnRH, or GnRH1, with a primary sequence invariant across mammals, amphibians and bony fish that evolved before the teleost fishes. Initial functional characterization of the Crz, ACP and AKH peptides does not immediately point to roles in reproduction, although in some species there are connections. Divergent functions are likely to have arisen as these peptides evolved from the ancestors they share with GnRH. |
