Domoic acid in milk of free living California marine mammals indicates lactational exposure occurs
| Autor: | Lauren Rust, Elizabeth R. Frame, Frances M. D. Gulland, Kathi A. Lefebvre |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2014 |
| Předmět: |
Balaenoptera musculus
Enhydra lutris Zalophus californianus Common dolphin Ecology Domoic acid Zoology Aquatic Science Biology biology.organism_classification Phoca chemistry.chemical_compound Marine mammal chemistry Amnesic shellfish poisoning biology.animal Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics |
| Zdroj: | Marine Mammal Science. 30:1272-1278 |
| ISSN: | 0824-0469 |
| Popis: | Domoic acid (DA) is a marine biotoxin produced by some toxicogenic species of the diatom, Pseudo-nitzschia, that appears to be blooming more frequently along the west coast of the United States (Fryxell et al. 1997, Van Dolah 2000). This increase is a concern for marine mammal health because DA is an excitatory amino acid that has a high affinity for the a-amino-5-hydroxy-3-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) and kainate subclasses of glutamate receptors that are present in the mammalian central nervous system and heart. The interaction of DA and these glutamate receptors causes cell depolarization, dysfunction, and death, resulting in seizures, epilepsy, cardiomyopathy, and death depending upon the ingested dose (Olney et al. 1979, Jeffery et al. 2004). In humans, DA is the cause of a neurotoxic illness termed amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP), first recognized in Canada in 1987 following consumption of contaminated shellfish (Perl et al. 1990). In marine mammals, DA toxicosis is best documented in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) that develop severe neurological signs associated with acute and long term effects of DA exposure (Scholin et al. 2000, Gulland et al. 2002, Goldstein et al. 2008). Lesions in affected sea lions include neuronal necrosis in the hippocampus, which may progress to hippocampal atrophy (Silvagni et al. 2005, Goldstein et al. 2008) and degenerative cardiomyopathy (Zabka et al. 2009). More recently DA toxicosis was reported in northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus; Lefebvre et al. 2010), harbor seals (Phoca vitulina; McHuron et al. 2013) and southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis; Kreuder et al. 2003) off the California coast. The toxin has been detected in feces of live blue (Balaenoptera musculus) and humpback (Megaptera novaeangliae) whales (Lefebvre et al. 2002), stranded pygmy and dwarf sperm whales (Kogia spp.; Fire et al. 2009), and cetacean carcasses. In 2002 common dolphin (Delphinus spp.) strandings in southern California |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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