Recent advancement in starch modification and its application as water treatment agent
| Autor: | Azrul Hassan, Norshila Abu Bakar, Syazwani Mohd Asharuddin, Wahid Ali Hamood Altowayti, Norzila Othman |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Flocculation
Starch Computer science Soil Science 02 engineering and technology Plant Science 010501 environmental sciences 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology 01 natural sciences Modified starch chemistry.chemical_compound chemistry Coagulation (water treatment) Water treatment Biochemical engineering 0210 nano-technology 0105 earth and related environmental sciences General Environmental Science |
| Zdroj: | Environmental Technology & Innovation. 23:101637 |
| ISSN: | 2352-1864 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.eti.2021.101637 |
| Popis: | The exploration of effective natural coagulant materials has never been ceased despite the superiority of synthetic and metallic coagulants. Numerous research outputs have been reported by many extensive studies using a wide variety of natural precursors for water clarification. The current paper outlines the scattered findings on factors affecting the performance of various natural coagulants on coagulation and flocculation activities as well as the mechanisms governing the process. The recent discoveries on the antimicrobial components and bactericidal ability of several natural coagulants are also included. Since starch has received outstanding attention as a promising coagulant and flocculant, the present paper also discusses the latest progress in starch modification techniques applied to enhance the properties of the material for the application as a water treatment agent. The article also recommends an unconventional method for starch modification to produce a greener and sustainable starch coagulant. In assisting the evaluation of a successful modification procedure, the review also presents the research outcomes on modified starch morphological characterization and physicochemical compositions. The research gaps in the existing literatures and several recommendations are addressed in this work to provide a platform for improvement and establish a new promising direction that can be further explored in the development of starch coagulants as an alternative to chemical coagulants. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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