| Popis: |
There is continuing debate on the relative importance of genetic and environmental factors in determining our intellectual and learning abilities. Recent advances in neuroimaging and neuroscience research support the importance of both. While studies on gross and microscopic brain architecture allowed relating cognitive, motor and emotional functions to specific brain areas, newer imaging techniques provide data on signal transduction pathways across the living brain, further enhancing our understanding of the adult learning process. The NIH Human Connectome Project allowed the mapping of such pathways and clarifying how epigenetic factors and neuroplasticity help brain development in response to environmental influences such as cultural, nutritional and hormonal factors and physical exercise. Lessons from reverse-engineering the brain enabled the development of AI, virtual and augmented reality systems, neural networks and deep learning algorithms. The ongoing research on simulation neuroscience and reverse-engineering is expected to lead to the creation of biologically detailed digital reconstruction and simulation of the brain. |
