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The conventional extraction method has low extraction efficiency. This study aims to optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction conditions of andrographolide from A. paniculata. A ½ inch ultrasonic probe sonicator was used to extract A. paniculata. The effects of extraction time (X1), duty cycle (X2) and amplitude (X3) on the yield of andrographolide (Y) were investigated by using response surface methodology. Experiments were designed according to 3-level 3-factor Box Behnken Design. The concentrations of andrographolide were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. Results of analysis of variance showed the data were well fitted with the 2nd-order polynomial equation with a R2 value of 0.9969 and p-value less than 0.005. Optimum extraction conditions were found to be at 5 min, 11 % duty cycle, and 66 A. A checkpoint experiment was carried out based on the optimum conditions, validated highest andrographolide was 3.50 ± 0.17 w/w%. Response surface methodology was successfully applied to optimize the extraction processing parameters for yielding the andrographolide-rich A. paniculata extract. This study could be relevant for future ultrasonic-assisted extraction scale-up of andrographolide. HIGHLIGHTS Andrographis paniculata was extracted using ultrasonic probe sonicator Variables studied were time, duty cycle, and amplitude Extraction parameters were sucessfully optimized by response surface methodology 50 ± 0.17 w/w% of andrographolide was extracted. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT |
