Multi-disciplinary design optimization of life cycle eco-efficiency for heavy-duty vehicles using a genetic algorithm
| Autor: | Moritz Seidenfus, Markus Lienkamp, Matthias Brönner, Sebastian Wolff |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Battery (electricity)
Truck Renewable Energy Sustainability and the Environment business.industry Strategy and Management Building and Construction Eco-efficiency Environmental economics Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Renewable energy Diesel fuel Environmental science media_common.cataloged_instance Environmental impact assessment Electricity European union business General Environmental Science media_common |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Cleaner Production. 318:128505 |
| ISSN: | 0959-6526 |
| Popis: | Despite the Paris Climate Agreement and other international pledges to reduce anthropogenic carbon-dioxide emissions, road transportation emissions are increasing. Therefore, the European Union has introduced fines for exceeding CO 2 -limits beginning in 2025, forcing European truck manufacturers to replace diesel-powered vehicles with low-emission vehicles. Thus, hybrid, battery, and fuel cell electric trucks are in the race to become the dominant technology. Giving recommendations to decision makers, our approach to eco-efficiency combines the two disciplines of ecological and economical assessment. The study’s unified cradle-to-grave system boundary for both disciplines ensures a comprehensive and holistic forecast. To account for and project the vehicles’ future technological potential, the evolutionary algorithm NSGA-II optimizes their design parameters with regard to environmental and economic performance. To further include user requirements, we have supplemented these eco-efficiency objectives by a tractive force reserve. The results indicate that battery electric trucks have competitive costs compared to diesel-powered vehicles. We find that with today’s electricity mix, the environmental impact of battery powered is 313% higher than diesel. However, with increasing renewable energy the battery electric vehicles outperform the diesel ( − 65%). Operating the fuel cell with green hydrogen decreases environmental impact ( − 27%). BEV and FCEV potentially perform at the same costs as today’s diesel. Our study shows the impact of renewable energy on long-haul transportation and quantifies the associated costs. With this, we compare eco-efficient vehicle concepts suitable for future transportation. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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