Evaluation of diarrhea in the HIV-infected patient
| Autor: | Donald P. Kotler |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2002 |
| Předmět: |
medicine.medical_specialty
business.industry Lymphocyte Gastroenterology Disease Exudative Enteropathy Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy Diarrhea medicine.anatomical_structure Weight loss Hiv infected Internal medicine Immunology medicine Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging medicine.symptom business Drug toxicity |
| Zdroj: | Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. 4:71-76 |
| ISSN: | 1096-2883 |
| DOI: | 10.1053/tgie.2002.33015 |
| Popis: | The evaluation of HIV-infected patients with on clinical-pathological correlations. Distinguishing features of diarrhea in HIV infection are the frequent coexistence of multiple pathogens, heterogeneity in clinical syndromes and organisms, disease chronicity, and frequent need for mucosal biopsy for diagnosis. Pathogenic mechanisms for diarrhea include primary enterocyte injury, altered secretion of inflammatory mediators or secretory enterotoxins, ileal dysfunction, exudative enteropathy, and altered motility. Diarrhea also may result from drug toxicity. Clinical evaluation is mandated for patients whose symptoms are persitent, increasing in severity or associated with fever and/or weight loss, and the yield varies, based on CD4+ lymphocyte counts. The 3 steps in the evaluating diarrhea in HIV infection are: 1) to distinguish between acute and chronic diarrhea, 2) to localize the site of disease, and 3) to make an etiologic diagnosis. Techniques for successful endoscopic evaluation include the use of pediatric colonoscope to perform upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, examining the topography of the small intestinal mucosa, obtaining multiple biopsies, and saving tissue for electron microscopy. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
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