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espanolA primera vista, los periodistas parecen conformar un grupo profesional socialmente homogeneo. Nada parece distinguirlos con respecto a su posicion en el espacio social. En la profesion trabajan hombres y mujeres de origenes sociales diversos, mayoritariamente urbanos y con estudios superiores, empleados por distintos medios de comunicacion, y que ademas se definen –y definen su trabajo– principalmente por la vocacion y la pasion. Una gran parte de la literatura sostiene lo mismo. El periodismo se definiria entonces por motivaciones individuales mas que por elementos sociales. Sin embargo, tambien es posible constatar que dentro del grupo existen condiciones laborales muy distintas, asi como una distribucion desigual de capitales (economico, cultural y social). Esta investigacion cuestiona como cada periodista, detras del argumento vocacional, define la profesion a traves de sus propias condiciones sociales de posibilidad. Con el fin de comprender la diversidad de concepciones sobre periodismo que encontramos empiricamente segun el prisma de la posicion en el espacio social, este trabajo se inspira en la teoria de campos de Pierre Bourdieu. A partir de 30 entrevistas a profundidad hechas a editores y periodistas de distintos medios en la Ciudad de Mexico y con distintas propiedades sociales, sostenemos que el volumen y estructura de recursos poseidos por cada periodista contribuira a nutrir el discurso de la vocacion, pero insertando elementos propios a su condicion individual. Es asi que podemos explicar las multiples posturas frente a las diferencias en lo que compete a la precarizacion laboral, los valores periodisticos y la permanencia en el campo profesional. EnglishAt first glance, journalists appear to form a socially homogeneous professional group. Nothing seems to distinguish them with respect to their position in the social space. Men and women from diverse social origins work in the profession, being mostly urban and with higher education, employed by different media, and who also define themselves–and their work–mainly as a vocation and passion. Much of the literature holds the same. Journalism would then be defined by individual motivations rather than social elements. However, it is also possible to verify that within this group there are very different working conditions, as well as an unequal distribution of (economic, cultural, and social) capital. This research questions how each journalist, beyond the vocational argument, defines their profession through their own social conditions of possibility. To understand the diversity of conceptions about journalism that we find empirically through the prism of position in the social space, this work is inspired by the field theory of Pierre Bourdieu. Based on 30 in-depth interviews with editors and journalists from different media in Mexico City and with different social characteristics, we argue that the volume and structure of the resources possessed by each journalist will contribute to nurturing the discourse of vocation, but with the inclusion of elements that are particular to their individual condition. We can thus explain the multiple positions in the face of differences in terms of job insecurity, journalistic values, and permanence in the professional field. |
