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Publisher Summary Glucose metabolism in ruminants is regulated by the endocrine system to meet glucose requirements for maintenance and productive processes in species that normally rely upon continuous hepatic gluconeogenesis. It establishes the central role of insulin in the hormonal control of both glucose supply and glucose utilization. Other hormones influence glucose metabolism through the modulation the secretion or the action of insulin, providing an integrated control system that is effective in providing both acute homeostatic regulation and chronic homeorrhetic mechanisms in response to changes in nutrient supply, reproductive status, or external environment. The level of glucose production depends on energy intake and substrate supply. Insulin is the major hormone controlling glucose utilization, which is more strictly regulated than glucose supply. Glucose partition is regulated by the ability of insulin—modulated by other components of the hormonal environment—to direct glucose along insulin-dependent pathways. |
