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In 1998, Margolis and Runyan published an article describing barriers that exist in the collaboration between academics, collaborating agencies, and community organizations (Margolis & Runyan, 1998). The barriers listed were differences in approaches to defining and prioritizing problems and strategies for solutions, values and requirements for career advancement, work styles, time demands, and approaches to using information. This list provides a good point to begin to understand what issues arise when trying to develop and maintain injury interventions in communities. Although the authors addressed these issues in regard to academics, communities, and agencies only, these barriers exist equally within organizations. Furthermore, the emphasis on understanding individual risk factors and the application of interventions targeting individuals tends to obscure the contribution of social and environmental conditions to adoption or rejection of specific interventions (Israel, Schulz, Parker, & Becker, 1998). There have also been calls for more community involvement and control in the development of research and public health programs (Israel et al., 1998). One approach that has been used to address the needed changes in practice is discussed in the case studies later in this chapter. Renewed interest in community-based approaches in research and public health practice has provided new opportuni |
