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The discussion is based on the cell model of materials. Each cell contains one dominant kernel of micro-separation, for instance a particle. A cell is either in a cohesive or a decohesive state, the latter implying instability at load control. The process region consists of cells which have reached the decohesive state. The cells are characterized by their linear size and their cohesion-decohesion relation. The process region develops either in an elastic or in a plastic environment. In the latter case, it may be more or less deeply embedded in the plastic region. In some cases there will be no process region, only plastic flow. The ratio between the cohesive strength and the yield strength is an important parameter for describing this competition between decohesion and plastic flow, but the T-stress also plays a part. The fracture toughness depends on the area under the cohesion-decohesion curve and on the embedment of the process region. |
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