| Autor: |
Vanhavere, F., Carinou, E., Gualdrini, G., Clairand, I., Sans Merce, M., Ginjaume, M., Nikodemova, D., Jankowski, J., Bordy, J.-M., Rimpler, A., Wach, S., Martin, P., Struelens, L., Krim, S., Koukorava, C., Ferrari, P., Mariotti, F., Fantuzzi, E., Donadille, L., Itié, C., Ruiz, N., Carnicer, A., Fulop, M., Domienik, J., Brodecki, M. |
| Jazyk: |
angličtina |
| Rok vydání: |
2012 |
| Předmět: |
|
| DOI: |
10.12768/yc01-0d55 |
| Popis: |
The medical staff performing interventional cardiology and radiology (IC/IR) procedures stand close to the patient and thus close to the primary radiation beam. Although they wear a lead apron and thyroid collar, their hands, legs and eyes are not protected. Therefore, these parts could receive significantly high doses. Moreover, thedose ranges for the same kind of procedures vary a lot, as many factors affect extremity and eye lens doses. Additionally, there is evidence that eye lens doses can be high in IR/IC, and cases of cataract have been reported in recent years. A lack of an appropriate eye lens dosemeter as well as an appropriate calibration procedure has been identified. Medical staff in IR/IC could benefit from the use of active personal dosemeters (APDs) as optimisation tool. However, a lack of appropriate APDs is identified for typical fields in IR and IC. Very few devices can detect low energy fields, and none of them are really designed for working in pulsed radiation fields. In the field of nuclear medicine (NM) the extremity doses to the technologists are also known to be very high. One can highlight the difficulties in estimating the dose distribution across the hands, and the need for greater knowledge of doses received during the main tasks of a nuclear medicine department, especially using unsealed sources. The ORAMED project, (www.oramed-fp7.eu) was set up to optimize the working procedures in these medical fields with respect to radiation protection. ORAMED wasstructured in 5 work packages: - Extremity and eye lens dosimetry in IR and IC - Development of practical eye lens dosimetry - Optimization of the use of APDs in IR and IC - Extremity dosimetry in NM - Training and dissemination A coordinated measurement program in European hospitals was organised both in IR/IC and NM departments. Moreover, simulations of the most representative workplaces/procedures were performed to determine the main parameters that influence the extremity and eye lens doses. Some dedicated studies on improving the eye lens dosimetry and active personal dosimetry were conducted. Based on the measurement and simulation results, a series of practical guidelines and training packages were developed. The influence of the different radiation protection measures (like shields)in IR/IChave been quantified, and clear monitoring requirements have been formulated for a series of medical procedures. A formalism for the use of the operational quantity for eye lens dose measurements have been worked out (calibration phantom, conversion coefficients, type test procedures, ...). A dedicated eye lens dosemeter has been developed that can be used in routine monitoring. The different existing APDs have been tested in fields that are representative for hospital fields (like pulsed fields), and a series of guidelines for the use of these APDs in hospitals have been made. Also, an improved APD device specifically for IR/IC fields has been developed.The extensive measurement and simulation campaign for extremity doses in NM lead to a systematic evaluation of the different radiation protection measures. These are condensed in a series of practical guidelines to be used. The dose distribution across the hands of the technologists was characterised, and recommendations for routine monitoring have been formulated. The outcome of the ORAMED project will improve the radiation protection standards for medical staff. The systematic measurements and simulations are the new standards that will be used for many years to come. The practical guidelines that have been developed can be used in the hospitals by the medical staff. In particular, the developments on the eye-lens dosimetry and the active personal dosemeters will result in an improvement of the practical measurement capabilities in the field. |
| Databáze: |
OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
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