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With the development of sequencing technology, microRNAs (miRNA) have between 19-24 bases in length which play a role in cell communication was discovered. These miRNAs have important tasks in the development and differentiation of cells, as well as in metabolism. The miRNAs carried in the microvesicle are prevented from degradation depending on the conditions such as extreme pH and temperature. In the current studies, it has been determined that the foods have regulate the activities at cellular level in metabolism by miRNA expression. ’This was first demonstrated by detecting rice miR-168a which absorbed by digestive system. On the other hand, these miRNAs were found to inhibit the mRNA expression of LDL RAP1 involved in cholesterol transport. In studies where miRNAs have been absorbed by the digestive system, it has been suggested that miRNAs, in particular animal origin, pass into serum and plasma. With the miRNAs have this potential, it can be used as biological markers for the prevention of the health problems associated with diet. It’s known that foods contain the components such as fat, sugar, protein, vitamin affect to metabolism not only, but also miRNAs affect it directly or indirectly. A recent dietary miRNA database was created with the increasing importance of foodborne miRNAs and there are miRNA profiles associated with foods such as apples, Atlantic salmon, bananas, chicken meat and egg, corn, beef fat and milk, breast milk, grapes, oranges, pork, rice, tomato, soybeans and wheat in this database. In this study, biosynthesis, the mechanism of action and presence in food and effects on metabolism of miRNAs were discussed. |
