Ecchymosis and/or haematoma formation after prophylactic administration of subcutaneous enoxaparin in the abdomen or arm of the critically ill patient

Autor: M.M. Sánchez-Sánchez, A. López-López, R. Jareño-Collado, M.P. Fraile-Gamo, S. Arias-Rivera, R. Sánchez-Izquierdo, N. García-Crespo, H. Bermejo-García, S. Barba-Aragón, E.I. Sánchez-Muñoz
Rok vydání: 2018
Předmět:
Zdroj: Enfermería Intensiva (English ed.). 29:4-13
ISSN: 2529-9840
DOI: 10.1016/j.enfie.2017.11.001
Popis: Introduction Ecchymosis and/or haematoma are the most common adverse events after subcutaneous administration of low molecular weight heparin. There is no strong recommendation as to the puncture site. Objective To evaluate the adverse events, ecchymosis and/or haematoma after the administration of prophylactic subcutaneous enoxaparin in the abdomen vs the arm in the critically ill patient. Methodology A randomised, two-arm clinical trial (injection in the abdomen vs the arm), performed between July 2014 and January 2017, in an 18-bed, polyvalent intensive care unit. Patients receiving prophylactic enoxaparin, admitted >72 h, with no liver or haematological disorders, a body mass index (BMI) >18.5, not pregnant, of legal age and with no skin lesions which would impede assessment were included. We excluded patients who died or who were transferred to another hospital before completing the evaluation. We gathered demographic and clinical variables, and the onset of ecchymosis and/or haematomas at the injection site after 12, 24, 48 and 72 h. A descriptive analysis was undertaken, with group comparison and logistic regression. The study was approved by the ethics committee with the signed consent of patients/families. Results 301 cases (11 excluded): 149 were injected in the abdomen vs 141 in the arm. There were no significant differences in demographic and clinical variables, BMI, enoxaparin dose or antiplatelet administration [ecchymosis, abdomen vs arm, n (%): 66 (44) vs 72 (51), P = 0.25] [haematoma abdomen vs arm, n (%): 9 (6) vs 14 (10), P = 0.2]. Statistical significance was found in the size of the haematomas after 72 h: [area of haematoma (mm2) abdomen vs arm, median (IQR): 2 (1–5.25) vs 20 (5.25–156), P = 0.027]. Conclusions In our patient cohort, prophylactic subcutaneous enoxaparin administered in the abdomen causes fewer haematomas after 72 h, than when administered in the arm. The incidence rate of ecchymosis and haematoma was lower than the published incidence in critically ill patients, although patients receiving anti-platelet agents present a higher risk of injury. No relationship was observed in relation to BMI.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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