Managing reactive oxygen species—Some learnings from high altitude extremophytes
| Autor: | Arun Kumar, Vivek Dogra, Sanjay Kumar, Dipanshu Ghosh, Shweta Guleria |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
0301 basic medicine Abiotic component chemistry.chemical_classification Reactive oxygen species Antioxidant Superoxide Singlet oxygen medicine.medical_treatment chemistry.chemical_element Plant Science 01 natural sciences Oxygen Electron transport chain Cell biology 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound 030104 developmental biology chemistry medicine Hydrogen peroxide Agronomy and Crop Science Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics 010606 plant biology & botany |
| Zdroj: | Environmental and Experimental Botany. 189:104525 |
| ISSN: | 0098-8472 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2021.104525 |
| Popis: | Oxygen (O2) is an essential component of all living aerobic organisms. It acts as an acceptor of energy and electrons during electron transport reactions, generating various reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as singlet oxygen (1O2), superoxide anion (O2 −), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl anion (HO ) as byproducts. The ROS are highly reactive and, therefore, cause extensive damage to the cellular system. However, over recent years, several studies have witnessed an essential role of ROS in plant growth and development and mediating response to biotic and abiotic stresses, which is strictly determined by the ROS levels themselves. Therefore, various enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant mechanisms maintain ROS homeostasis, ensuring plant survival. Adverse environments, including temperature extremes, desiccation, high salinity, and metals, exacerbate ROS production. While such extreme environments are lethal, some plants called extremophytes sustain the adverse conditions. These extremophytes promptly sense the environment and undergo various morphological, physiological, and biochemical changes complemented with the genetic features, to minimize ROS generation and scavenge the excess ROS produced. The present review discusses different types of ROS, their production in subcellular compartments, and their management in plants. Besides, various survival strategies of extremophytes are also compiled. An emphasis has been given to high-altitude extremophytes, especially from the Himalayas, to understand their mechanism for managing ROS. Understanding of those adaptive mechanisms could be extrapolated to engineer stress resilience in other plants. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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