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It is impossible to predict exactly what the future holds for a field as dynamic as surgery. With hindsight, it seems it has often been the most unexpected advances that have changed the face of surgery, such as the discovery of the role of Helicobacter pylori in gastric cancer. In this chapter, we will outline some themes we feel may impact the future of surgery in the next 50 years. To minimize our own embarrassment when rereading this in the future, we have chosen a group of themes that we think are likely to be sources of significant advances in surgery but are currently limited by advancement of technology, most of which are currently in early stages of use. As the Topol Review in the United Kingdom summarized in 2019, the changes we discuss will require significant investment in people as well as technology, including a focus on development of technology (Topol E. The Topol review: preparing the healthcare workforce to deliver the digital future. HEE, Leeds [Google Scholar], 2019). |
