| Popis: |
Empirical evidence suggests that ethnic divisions in a society leads to negative outcomes in civil conflict and economic development, among others. It is often argued that the lack of shared social identity, that is, the dominance of subnational (particularly, ethnic) identities over national identity, lies behind the negative outcomes. If shared national identity is important, how can it be realized? Some scholars stress the effectiveness of nation-building policies in strengthening national identity. Meanwhile, there exist conflicting theses on effects of the modernization of a society on national identity in political science, the classic thesis arguing positive effects, which suggests the importance of policies promoting modernization, and the competing thesis arguing negative effects. Which thesis is more relevant under what conditions? How does modernization affect identity, conflict, and development? How do policies such as nation-building policies affect the outcomes? In order to examine these questions theoretically, this paper develops a model of social identity, ethnic conflict, and development in which individuals choose a sector to work (between the modern sector and a traditional sector), social identity (between ethnic identity and national identity), and contributions to ethnic conflict. |
