A Low-Cost NIR Digital Photometer Based on InGaAs Sensors for the Detection of Milk Adulterations With Water
| Autor: | José Alexandre de França, Vanerli Beloti, Dari de Oliveira Toginho Filho, Mauricio Moreira, Maria Bernadete de Morais Franca, Alberto Koji Yamada, Lucas de Souza Ribeiro |
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| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
business.industry
Chemistry 020208 electrical & electronic engineering 010401 analytical chemistry Analytical chemistry Mean absolute error 02 engineering and technology Repeatability Photometer Contamination 01 natural sciences 0104 chemical sciences law.invention Absolute deviation law 0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineering Transmittance Electrical and Electronic Engineering Process engineering business Instrumentation |
| Zdroj: | IEEE Sensors Journal. 16:3653-3663 |
| ISSN: | 2379-9153 1530-437X |
| DOI: | 10.1109/jsen.2016.2530873 |
| Popis: | The adulteration of milk with water is a very common problem, which reduces its nutritional value and industrial yield, and can also represent a major risk of contamination. The standard method for detecting this kind of fraud is the cryoscopy, which fails when the adulteration is done along with other substances. Therefore, there is a need for new and more robust techniques for this purpose. With this goal, we propose a prototype of a digital photometer to quantify water added to milk. This is a microcontrolled, portable device, which uses three LEDs with emission in the near-infrared (IR) region and was developed without the use of lenses, filters, or moving parts. This equipment measures the transmittance of IR radiation through milk samples to assess the addition of water. In this paper, we present the results of experiments that were conducted with diluted milk samples containing 0%–25% of added water, using the proposed equipment and the standard method of cryoscopy. In the measurements of the percentage of added water, the mean absolute error was |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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