The CuFe2O4@SiO2@ZrO2/SO42−/Cu nanoparticles: an efficient magnetically recyclable multifunctional Lewis/Brønsted acid nanocatalyst for the ligand- and Pd-free Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction in water
| Autor: | Mohammad Ali Nasseri, Milad Kazemnejadi, Ali Allahresani, Seyyedeh Ameneh Alavi |
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| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Ligand
General Chemical Engineering Aryl Sonogashira coupling 02 engineering and technology General Chemistry 010402 general chemistry 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology 01 natural sciences Coupling reaction 0104 chemical sciences Catalysis chemistry.chemical_compound chemistry Polymer chemistry Moiety Lewis acids and bases 0210 nano-technology Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory |
| Zdroj: | RSC Advances. 9:20749-20759 |
| ISSN: | 2046-2069 |
| Popis: | Herein, the synthesis and application of copper-incorporated sulfated zirconium oxide supported on CuFe2O4 NPs (CuFe2O4@SiO2@ZrO2/SO42−/Cu NPs) as a novel Lewis/Bronsted acid nanocatalyst were studied for the Sonogashira C–C cross-coupling reaction. The fabricated CuFe2O4@SiO2@ZrO2/SO42−/Cu catalyst exhibited efficient activity for a large variety of aryl iodides/bromides and, most importantly, aryl chlorides in water and in the presence of NaOH as a base in short reaction times. The catalyst was fully characterized by FTIR, TG-DTG, VSM, XRD, EDX, FE-SEM and TEM analyses. A synergetic effect could be considered to have arisen from the various Lewis acid and Bronsted acid sites present in the catalyst. The efficient incorporation of copper into zirconia provided a robust highly stable hybrid, which prevented any metal leaching, whether from the magnetite moiety and/or Cu sites in the reaction mixture. Moreover, the catalyst was successfully recovered from the mixture by a simple external magnet and reused for at least 9 consecutive runs. Zero metal leaching, stability, consistency with a variety of substrates, fast performance, cost-effectiveness, environmental friendliness, and preparation with accessible and cheap materials are some of the advantages and highlights of the current protocol. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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