Toxicokinetic Models: Where We've Been and Where We Need to Go!
| Autor: | Melvin E. Andersen, James E. Dennison |
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| Rok vydání: | 2002 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal. 8:1375-1395 |
| ISSN: | 1549-7860 1080-7039 |
| DOI: | 10.1080/20028091057411 |
| Popis: | Toxicokinetic (TK) models have many uses, some of which are now regarded as almost routine, in areas related to pharmaceutics, toxicology, and chemical risk assessment. These TK models span a range from simple empirical curve-fitting analyses of blood/tissue time courses to physiologically based toxicokinetic (PBTK) models that incorporate anatomical, physiological, and biochemical properties of laboratory animals and humans. While the PBTK models require more effort to develop and validate than do data-based compartmental models, the biological detail in these descriptions permits extrapolation to different doses, different exposure conditions, and different species, including humans. Efforts to develop PBTK models are frequently rewarded with reduced work on subsequent compounds, since the physiologic structure, once developed for a particular life stage and class of compounds, is not expected to change for other compounds in the class. A review of the literature shows that TK models have had many uses ... |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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