RECENT OCCURRENCE OF FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM F. SP. CUBENSE TROPICAL RACE 4 IN ASIA

Autor: Vida G. Sinohin, A. B. Molina, Ganjun Yi, E. Fabregar, Altus Viljoen
Rok vydání: 2009
Předmět:
Zdroj: Acta Horticulturae. :109-116
ISSN: 2406-6168
0567-7572
DOI: 10.17660/actahortic.2009.828.10
Popis: Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), is an important disease of banana in almost all banana-producing countries of the world. The recent occurrence of a highly virulent form of Foc in Asia, known as ‘tropical race 4’ (TR4), presents an imminent threat to the region’s Cavendish-based banana industries. Foc-TR4 has caused severe damage to the Cavendish banana industry of Taiwan since 1967, destroyed new plantations of Cavendish banana in Indonesia and Malaysia since the early 1990s and caused field epidemics in the Northern Territory of Australia between 1997 and 1999. In 2004, severe Foc infection in banana plantations in Guangdong province, South China, heightened the TR4 threat. All outbreaks are associated with the vegetative compatibility group (VCG) complex 1213/16. Historical field observations of Foc in Cavendish banana cultivars in the Philippines since 1970 are described. More than 30,000 individual reports of infection were officially recorded in the Philippines from 1974 to 1991. These infections were tested and identified as VCG 0122, 0123 and 0126, which are believed to be less virulent than the VCG 01213/16 complex. In September 2006, 30 infected plant samples were collected from highland and lowland Cavendish banana farms in Davao. These samples confirmed that the recent outbreaks of Fusarium wilt in Cavendish in the Philippines were caused by the VCG 01213/16 complex. The Philippine government, private banana companies and Bioversity International are collaborating to manage the disease and to try to contain further spread of Foc-TR4. INTRODUCTION Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), is a major concern of the global banana industry. The devastating disease destroyed ‘Gros Michel’ (AAA genome) plantations in the Central American/Caribbean region in the 1950s and lead to the disappearance of the cultivar as the traditional export banana. Cavendish cultivars (AAA genome), which are resistant to Foc race 1 that attacks ‘Gros Michel’, were used as replacements. Today, Cavendish cultivars are the mainstay of the world’s banana export industries. The recent occurrence of a virulent form of Foc in Asia that affects Cavendish banana cultivars in the tropics presents a serious new threat. This new form of Foc belongs to the vegetative compatibility group (VCG) 01213/16 and has been associated with severe field epidemics in Indonesia and Malaysia. Referred to as ‘tropical race 4’ (TR4), this pathogen has been observed in several countries in Asia where Cavendish banana cultivars are important for local consumption and export. In addition, all banana cultivars that are susceptible to Foc races 1 and 2 also succumb to TR4. It is believed that Foc has co-evolved with banana in Asia and that Foc-TR4 is endemic in this part of the world. This paper will review the historical occurrences of Proc. IS on Banana Crop Prot., Sust. Prod.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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