Solid solutions of gadolinium doped zinc oxide nanorods by combined microwave-ultrasonic irradiation assisted crystallization
| Autor: | Ali Obeydavi, Armin Kiani, Kamran Dastafkan, Mohammad Reza Rahimi |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
Materials science
Gadolinium chemistry.chemical_element Mineralogy 02 engineering and technology General Chemistry Zinc 010402 general chemistry 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology Condensed Matter Physics 01 natural sciences 0104 chemical sciences law.invention Crystal chemistry Chemical engineering law General Materials Science Nanorod Crystallization 0210 nano-technology Dissolution Solid solution Wurtzite crystal structure |
| Zdroj: | Solid State Sciences. 74:152-167 |
| ISSN: | 1293-2558 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2017.10.002 |
| Popis: | Nanocrystalline solid solutions consisting of un-doped and gadolinium doped zinc oxide nanorods were fabricated by a modified sol-gel process utilizing combined ultrasonic-microwave irradiations. Polyvinylpyrrolidone, diethylene glycol, and triethylenetetramine respectively as capping, structure directing, and complexing agents were used under ultrasound dynamic aging and microwave heating to obtain crystalline nanorods. Crystalline phase monitoring, lattice parameters and variation, morphology and shape, elemental analysis, functional groups, reducibility, and the oxidation state of emerged species were examined by PXRD, FESEM, TEM, EDX, FTIR, micro Raman, H2-TPR, and EPR techniques. Results have verified that irradiation mechanism of gelation and crystallization reduces the reaction time, augments the crystal quality, and formation of hexagonal close pack structure of Wurtzite morphology. Besides, dissolution of gadolinium within host lattice involves lattice deformation, unit cell distortion, and angular position variation. Structure related shape and growth along with compositional purity were observed through microscopic and spectroscopic surveys. Furthermore, TPR and EPR studies elucidated more detailed behavior upon exposure to the exerted irradiations and subsequent air-annealing including the formed oxidation states and electron trapping centers, presence of gadolinium, zinc, and oxygen disarrays and defects, as well as alteration in the host unit cell via gadolinium addition. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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