| Popis: |
Agricultural development and the sustainability of agrosystems are two topics of great current interest. The typical model of intensive or conventional agriculture provides highly productive agrosystems, but at an important environmental cost. Therefore, new cropping systems, soil management and/or agricultural practices are being put in place to ensure sustainable agricultural production and reduce the environmental impact, as a challenge facing agriculture both now and in the future. However, the use of pesticides remains necessary even in this new approach to agricultural management, as well as tracking their fate in these systems because it has generally been studied under conventional practices. Some laboratory-scale studies have reported the effects of these practices, but few studies have been conducted under field conditions. Accordingly, this chapter conducts a review of current studies including pesticide persistence, dissipation and mobility in soils according to conservation agricultural practices, such as the soil application of organic amendments, conservation tillage systems or crop rotation. The chapter also includes a review of existing models to simulate pesticide behaviour under these management practices. Finally, a summary with research gaps and recommendations is proposed for the future development of modelling under conservation practices as tools for predicting possible long-term soil and/or water pollution. |
