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The research was carried out with the aim of comparative assessment of varieties and selected forms of sour cherries by the chemical composition of fruits to identify the best genotypes with their subsequent use in breeding, as well as industrial, farm and collective gardening. The experiments were carried out in 2016–2019 in triplicate. The garden was laid out in 2004-2005 and is located in the southwestern part of the Republic of Tatarstan. The material for the study was 20 varieties and selected hybrids of sour cherries of different ripening periods of the breeding of Tatar Research Institute of Agriculture. On average, over the years of research in fruits of different varieties, the content of soluble solids varied within 16.69 ... 26.49%, sugars - 3.72 ... 6.35%, organic acids - 0.96 ... 2.64%, vitamin C - 11.70 ... 15.90 mg per 100 g. The variability of the content of soluble solids and vitamin C was average (V = 15.1 ... 19.3 and 10.3 ... 14.3%, respectively). The amount of sugars, organic acids and the sugar acid index changed more significantly - V = 20.9… 25.2, 22.0… 25.8 and 29.0… 37.7%, respectively. The genotype had a greater influence on the variability of the content of soluble dry substances, sugars and organic acids in sour cherry fruits (30.2 ... 65.9%) than the conditions of the year (3.0 ... 24.7%) and the interaction of these factors (11.4 ... 29.2%). A positive relationship was noted between the content of soluble solids in fruits and the sugar-acid index (r = 0.85), the content of sugars (r = 0.76), acids (r = 0.50), the sum of positive summer temperatures (r = 0.69 ); an insignificant negative relationship with vitamin C (r = -0.45) and summer precipitation (r = -0.60). Sources of a high content of soluble solids in fruits (21.84 ... 26.49%) in the breeding can be Shelangovskaya, Pamyat Sakharova, Sevastyanovskaya varieties, selected forms - Chereshnevaya No. 1, 1-11-31, 80-8, 1-10 -30 and 37-8; high content of vitamin C (15.16 ... 15.90%) - varieties Shelangovskaya, Low-growing and selective form Chereshnevaya No. 1. In industrial, farm, collective gardening it is recommended to use varieties Shelangovskaya, Pamyat Sakharova, Sevastyanovskaya. |
