Long-term changes of ecosystem services at Solling, Germany: Recovery from acidification, but increasing nitrogen saturation?
| Autor: | Uwe Klinck, Birte Scheler, Stefan Fleck, Heike Fortmann, Markus Wagner, Henning Meesenburg, Karl Josef Meiwes, Johannes Eichhorn, Bernd Ahrends, Inge Dammann, Michael Mindrup |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences
Ecology biology Soil acidification General Decision Sciences chemistry.chemical_element 010501 environmental sciences biology.organism_classification 01 natural sciences Nitrogen Ecosystem services Nutrient chemistry Environmental chemistry Soil water Environmental science Ecosystem Saturation (chemistry) Beech Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics 0105 earth and related environmental sciences |
| Zdroj: | Ecological Indicators. 65:103-112 |
| ISSN: | 1470-160X |
| Popis: | Time series of values of ingenious parameters indicating ecosystem services from European beech and Norway spruce ecosystems at Solling, Germany, were evaluated with respect to resilient or adaptive behaviour. Studied indicators comprise the use of monitoring data with up to more than 40 years of observation on deposition of potential acidity, sulphate (SO 4 2− ) budgets, exchangeable base cation pools, Bc/Al ratio in soil solution, nitrogen (N) budgets, foliar nutrition as indicated by the foliar Bc/N ratio, and defoliation. Deposition of potential acidity decreased considerably at both ecosystems. SO 4 2− budgets reveal retention of sulphur in the soils affecting acid/base budgets. Exchangeable base cation pools decreased at both ecosystems by about 60%. Bc/Al ratio in soil solution in the mineral soil was mostly below critical limits indicating potential toxic stress to tree roots. N retention in the soils decreased from about 40 kg ha −1 yr −1 in the 1970s to currently very low rates of 0–20 kg ha −1 yr −1 indicating increasing N saturation. Foliar Bc/N ratio decreased at the spruce ecosystem indicating possible nutrient imbalances. Defoliation at both Solling ecosystems is on a high level compared to other forests in Germany, but reveals no distinct relation to soil acidification or N saturation. From the selected indicators, SO 4 2− and N budgets reveal resilient behaviour, whereas indicators related to the acid/base status tend to adaptive behaviour. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|
Full Text from ScienceDirect