Water, 1. Properties, Analysis, and Hydrological Cycle
| Autor: | Georg Schwedt, Fritz H. Frimmel, Ilka Teermann, Birgit C. Gordalla, E. U. Franck, Ulrich Borchers, Hermann Weingärtner, Holger V. Lutze, Torsten C. Schmidt, Nicolaus Dahmen, G. Wiegand, Peter Balsaa |
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| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
Water activity
Chemistry 010401 analytical chemistry Vapour pressure of water 02 engineering and technology 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology 01 natural sciences Supercritical fluid 0104 chemical sciences Amorphous solid Chemical engineering Phase (matter) Environmental chemistry Water cycle 0210 nano-technology |
| Zdroj: | Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry |
| DOI: | 10.1002/14356007.a28_001.pub3 |
| Popis: | The article contains sections titled: 1. Properties of Pure Water 1.1. Molecular Properties 1.1.1. Isotopic Composition 1.1.2. The Water Molecule 1.1.3. Hydrogen Bonding and Water Structure 1.2. The Phase Behavior of Water 1.2.1. Invariant Points 1.2.2. Liquid-Vapor Equilibria 1.2.3. Solid-Liquid and Solid-Solid Equilibria 1.2.4. Supercooled Water and Amorphous Ice 1.3. Properties of Liquid and Supercritical Water 1.3.1. Water over Wide Ranges in Temperature and Pressure 1.3.2. Equation of State and Volumetric Properties 1.3.3. Thermodynamic Properties 1.3.4. Transport Properties 1.3.5. Surface Tension 1.3.6. Auto-protolysis 1.3.7. Dielectric Properties 2.2.2. Transport Properties 2. Water as a Solvent 2.1. Solvent Properties of Water 2.2. Solutions of Nonpolar Gases and Hydrophobic Species 2.3. Hydrophilic Solutes 2.4. Electrolyte Solutions 2.5. Supercritical Water as a Solvent 3. Water Analysis 3.1. Sampling and Sample Preservation 3.2. Physicochemical and Sum Parameters 3.3. Inorganic Analysis 3.3.1. Determination of Cations 3.3.2. Anion Analysis 3.3.3. Determination of Dissolved Gases 3.3.4. Rapid Tests 3.4. Organic Analysis 3.4.1. Spectrometric Methods 3.4.2. Gas and Liquid Chromatography 3.5. Bioanalytical Methods 4. Hydrological Cycle and Water Use 4.1. World Water Balance 4.2. Hydrological Cycle 4.3. Demand for Water 4.4. Source of Water Used 4.5. Water Treatment |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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