CTLA-4 and PD-1 Pathways
| Autor: | Elizabeth I. Buchbinder, Anupam M. Desai |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Cancer Research business.industry medicine.medical_treatment Melanoma chemical and pharmacologic phenomena Ipilimumab Immunotherapy Pembrolizumab medicine.disease Immune checkpoint 03 medical and health sciences 030104 developmental biology 0302 clinical medicine Immune system Oncology CTLA-4 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis Immunology medicine Cancer research Nivolumab business medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | American Journal of Clinical Oncology. 39:98-106 |
| ISSN: | 0277-3732 |
| Popis: | The cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death 1 (PD-1) immune checkpoints are negative regulators of T-cell immune function. Inhibition of these targets, resulting in increased activation of the immune system, has led to new immunotherapies for melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and other cancers. Ipilimumab, an inhibitor of CTLA-4, is approved for the treatment of advanced or unresectable melanoma. Nivolumab and pembrolizumab, both PD-1 inhibitors, are approved to treat patients with advanced or metastatic melanoma and patients with metastatic, refractory non-small cell lung cancer. In addition the combination of ipilimumab and nivolumab has been approved in patients with BRAF WT metastatic or unresectable melanoma. The roles of CTLA-4 and PD-1 in inhibiting immune responses, including antitumor responses, are largely distinct. CTLA-4 is thought to regulate T-cell proliferation early in an immune response, primarily in lymph nodes, whereas PD-1 suppresses T cells later in an immune response, primarily in peripheral tissues. The clinical profiles of immuno-oncology agents inhibiting these 2 checkpoints may vary based on their mechanistic differences. This article provides an overview of the CTLA-4 and PD-1 pathways and implications of their inhibition in cancer therapy. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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