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The increasing demands of environmental awareness and investigations in green lubricant technology in different industries has led to substantial attention towards biodegradable based oils and ionic liquids (ILs) as lubricants. ILs are organic salts consisted of several anions and organic cations that melt normally below 100 °C. ILs have eco-friendly properties such as non-volatility, high oxidative stability, non-flammability and high thermal conductivity. Due to the good thermal properties, ILs can be used as neat lubricants or as additives under severe tribological environments for which conventional lubes are failed to perform well. The use of ILs as lubricants in metal cutting and in tribological pairs (metal to metal contacts) has substantiated their adsorption ability on the surfaces, forming thick tribo-films which reduces friction and wear. This paper reviews the physical effects, sustainability and the tribological performance of different ILs in tribo-pairs (i.e. steel-steel, steel-cast iron and steel-aluminium etc.) and in metal cutting processes followed by a discussion of wear protection and friction reduction mechanism based on surface tribofilm characterization. |
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