| Popis: |
This chapter summarizes various technologies and practices for the control of emissions from oil and gas sources, including the US EPA’s updated New Source Performance Standards (NSPS). Control options for fugitive sources include leak detection and repair (LDAR), the use of low-bleed controllers and electricity-driven pumps, suppression and/or recovery of storage tank vapors, green completions, plunger lift systems for liquids unloading, and the use of composite wraps and flexible plastic liners for natural gas pipelines. Control options for combustion sources include automatic air-to-fuel ratio controllers in gas-fired stationary internal combustion (IC) engines, catalytic emission control systems, diesel particulate filters (DPFs), and flare minimization. A 40% reduction in on-shore methane emissions from the natural gas supply chain is achievable with existing technologies at a net total cost of $0.66/MCF of methane reduced, or less than $0.01/MCF of gas produced. This would save the US economy over $100 million per year. |
