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It is essential to objectively evaluate the many CO 2 mitigation strategies in order to prioritize investments of capital and research. Aqueous CO 2 mineralization is one potential strategy to permanently sequester CO 2 , without the associated long-term monitoring and liability issues. Investigators are studying and optimizing aqueous CO 2 mineralization for the production of inorganic carbonates and are scaling up some of these processes. This paper adopts a life-cycle approach toward the evaluation of energy requirements and discusses other potential barriers for three CO 2 mineralization pathways: industrial caustics, naturally occurring minerals, and industrial wastes. This analysis is based on CO 2 capture from a 1 GW coal-fired power plant using one of the three mineral mineralization pathways. The investigators utilize consistent system boundaries and process-modeling assumptions, standard engineering calculations to estimate energy requirements, and publicly available data for upstream energy requirements and for the production of products/co-products. The results suggest that some industrial wastes show promise for CO 2 mineralization, but their availability is limited. The other pathways currently have large energy penalties and face other significant barriers, such as the production of large quantities of potentially hazardous waste and large-scale mining. |
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