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"You are about to leave India/* George Curzon, the viceroy of British India, told Sir Antony Patrick MacDonnell in 1901 at the end of a long career, "with a record?unprecedented at the present moment?and equal to the most illus trious of Indian administrators in the past."1 Curzon, at times a very harsh critic, was not alone in his estimation of MacDonnell, the most eminent and accomplished of late-Victorian civil servants in India. What was even more extraordinary was that even though the Viceroy's words in 1901 were written after MacDonnell had been a member of the Indian Civil Service (ICS) for some thirty-six years, he was about to embark upon a second distinguished admin istrative career as under secretary for Ireland.2 In the nineteenth century and early twentieth century, India and Ireland were Britain's most important overseas territories. These two dependencies possessed a number of similarities in what Scott B. Cook has described as "intra-imperial analogies."3 Both India and Ireland constituted crown colonies, defined as those that were controlled directly from Westminster, spawned con stitutional and revolutionary nationalist movements, possessed a plurality of religions and cultures, and were basically agricultural peasant economies. The Irish administration, with its viceroy, who represented the crown, and its chief secretary, who represented parliament, served loosely as a model for the gov |
