Fast indirect measurement of PCDD/F TEQ emission from municipal solid waste incineration: a review

Autor: Jianhua Yan, Xuan Cao, Huadong Zhong, Shengyong Lu, William R. Stevens, Xiaodong Li, Kaicheng Wu
Rok vydání: 2019
Předmět:
Zdroj: Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy. 1:39-51
ISSN: 2524-7891
2524-7980
DOI: 10.1007/s42768-019-00003-1
Popis: Landfilling, a traditional and major method for municipal solid waste management, is gradually being taken place by incineration. However, the contamination problem caused by polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) emissions from incineration has also brought much concerns. Traditional offline method based on high-resolution gas chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry for the determination of PCDD/F emissions is expensive, infrequent and time-lagging. Use of PCDD/F indicators to achieve fast indirect measurements for PCDD/Fs is a much more promising method. Six categories of potential PCDD/F indicators are discussed in this paper: CO, total hydrocarbons, specific PCDD/F congeners, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorophenols and chlorobenzenes. Their performance as PCDD/F indicators are verified in the following criteria: (1) structural similarities; (2) known mechanistic arguments; (3) known correlation values from the literature and (4) detectability. Comprehensively considering the four factors, chlorobenzenes may be the best suitable PCDD/F indicator. One analytical method based on Photon Ionization coupled with Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry has been proved effective for the online/atline measurements for PCDD/F indicators for the prediction of TEQ in incineration process. Moreover, thermal desorption and gas chromatography can be applied to provide extra separation and concentration for very complex matrices with extremely low concentrations.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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