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Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the insulin signaling in the aging nervous system. Insulin action plays a central role in the control of several metabolic and growth related responses by most mammalian cells. The tight regulation of blood glucose levels exerted by insulin is the most remarkable and well-characterized effect of this pancreatic hormone. Insulin controls glucose homeostasis by inducing its uptake by muscle and adipose tissue, and by inhibiting its output by the liver. The insulin/IGF-1-signaling pathway plays a central role in the control of feeding behavior, energy expenditure, metabolism, cell growth, and survival. By direct and indirect means, insulin and other signal molecules that employ this pathway participate in the control of aging. It is suggested that aging controls insulin signaling by promoting a modulation of protein expression and function in several tissues including the central nervous system (CNS), whilst on the other hand, insulin signaling participates actively in the processes that control the aging rate. Progress in the characterization of insulin signaling in the brain may offer new targets for therapy of diseases commonly associated with aging. |
