A review of the taxonomy, genetics, and biology of the genus Escherichia and the type species Escherichia coli
| Autor: | Daniel Yu, Norman F. Neumann, Graham S. Banting |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Genetics
Comparative genomics Ecological niche 0303 health sciences Genetic diversity Natural selection Ecotype Phylogenetic tree 030306 microbiology Immunology General Medicine Biology Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Microbiology 03 medical and health sciences Type species Adaptation human activities Molecular Biology 030304 developmental biology |
| Zdroj: | Canadian Journal of Microbiology. 67:553-571 |
| ISSN: | 1480-3275 0008-4166 |
| DOI: | 10.1139/cjm-2020-0508 |
| Popis: | Historically, bacteriologists have relied heavily on biochemical and structural phenotypes for bacterial taxonomic classification. However, advances in comparative genomics have led to greater insights into the remarkable genetic diversity within the microbial world, and even within well-accepted species such as Escherichia coli. The extraordinary genetic diversity in E. coli recapitulates the evolutionary radiation of this species in exploiting a wide range of niches (i.e., ecotypes), including the gastrointestinal system of diverse vertebrate hosts as well as non-host natural environments (soil, natural waters, wastewater), which drives the adaptation, natural selection, and evolution of intragenotypic conspecific specialism as a strategy for survival. Over the last few years, there has been increasing evidence that many E. coli strains are very host (or niche)-specific. While biochemical and phylogenetic evidence support the classification of E. coli as a distinct species, the vast genomic (diverse pan-genome and intragenotypic variability), phenotypic (e.g., metabolic pathways), and ecotypic (host-/niche-specificity) diversity, comparable to the diversity observed in known species complexes, suggest that E. coli is better represented as a complex. Herein we review the taxonomic classification of the genus Escherichia and discuss how phenotype, genotype, and ecotype recapitulate our understanding of the biology of this remarkable bacterium. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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