The Expression of Beta (β) Keratins in the Epidermal Appendages of Reptiles and Birds1
Autor: | Brooks Mays, Rose B. Shames, George L. Barnes, Yoshinori Ishikawa, Travis C. Glenn, Jeffrey O. French, Walter E. Rhodes, Roger H. Sawyer |
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Rok vydání: | 2000 |
Předmět: |
chemistry.chemical_classification
Appendage animal structures integumentary system Structural gene Zoology Biology Cell biology Epidermis (zoology) medicine.anatomical_structure chemistry Dermis Feather visual_art Keratin medicine visual_art.visual_art_medium General Earth and Planetary Sciences Appendage morphogenesis Beta-keratin General Environmental Science |
Zdroj: | American Zoologist. 40:530-539 |
ISSN: | 0003-1569 |
DOI: | 10.1668/0003-1569(2000)040[0530:teobki]2.0.co;2 |
Popis: | The integuments of extant vertebrates display a variety of epidermal appendages whose patterns, morphology and terminal differentiation (epidermal keratins) depend upon interactions between ectodermal (epidermis) and mesodermal (dermis) tissues. In reptiles and birds, appendage morphogenesis precedes terminal differentiation. Studies have demonstrated that appendage morphogenesis influences the expression of the appendage specific keratin genes. However, little is known about the nature of the structural genes expressed by the epidermal appendages of reptiles. How pattern formation and/or appendage morphogenesis influence terminal differentiation of reptilian appendages is not known. The epidermal appendages of reptiles and birds are characterized by the presence of both alpha (α) and beta (β) type keratin proteins. Studies have focused on the genes of avian β keratins because they are the major structural proteins of feathers. The occurrence of β keratin proteins in the scales and claws of both ... |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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