Stimulation of asymbiotic sporulation in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi by fatty acids
| Autor: | Yoshihiro Handa, Yusuke Kikuchi, Katsuharu Saito, Tatsuhiro Ezawa, Masayoshi Kawaguchi, Hideo Hayashi, Hiromu Kameoka, Ippo Tsutsui, Kohki Akiyama |
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| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Microbiology (medical)
Rhizophagus irregularis Hypha Immunology Fungus Biology Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Microbiology 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound Botany Genetics Palmitoleic acid Axenic 030304 developmental biology chemistry.chemical_classification 0303 health sciences 030306 microbiology fungi food and beverages Fatty acid Cell Biology biology.organism_classification Spore chemistry Germination |
| Zdroj: | Nature Microbiology. 4:1654-1660 |
| ISSN: | 2058-5276 |
| Popis: | Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are obligate symbionts that depend on living host plants to complete their life cycle1,2. This feature, which leads to their unculturability in the absence of plants, strongly hinders basic research and agricultural application of AM fungi. However, at least one AM fungus can grow and develop fertile spores independently of a host plant in co-culture with the bacterium Paenibacillus validus3. The bacteria-derived substances are thought to act as stimulants or nutrients for fungal sporulation, but these molecules have not been identified. Here, we show that (S)-12-methyltetradecanoic acid4,5, a methyl branched-chain fatty acid isolated from bacterial cultures, stimulates the branching of hyphae germinated from mother spores and the formation of secondary spores in axenic culture of the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis. Extensive testing of fatty acids revealed that palmitoleic acid induces more secondary spores than the bacterial fatty acid in R. irregularis. These induced spores have the ability to infect host plant roots and to generate daughter spores. Our work shows that, in addition to a major source of organic carbon6–9, fatty acids act as stimulants to induce infection-competent secondary spores in the asymbiotic stage and could provide the key to developing the axenic production of AM inoculum. Palmitoleic acid as well as fatty acids isolated from bacterial cultures can be used in axenic culture of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis to stimulate the formation of secondary spores that are able to colonize host plant roots. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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